The research is based on a database of meteorological observations conducted by the Bila Tserkva research and breeding station, where the balance of productive moisture in short-rotation grain-sugar beet crop rotations is studied depending on the vegetation period, plant usage according to crop rotation characteristics, fertilization systems, and climatic conditions. It was found that crop rotation plants used productive moisture reserves unevenly across soil layers, which is associated with crop characteristics (root system development), vegetation period duration, and precipitation deficiency. The greatest decrease in productive moisture reserves was observed in the 50–100 cm soil layer for sugar beets, spring barley, and spring vetch, while winter wheat mainly utilized moisture from the 0–20 cm layer, sunflower, soybean, and clover for green fodder consumed moisture from the entire soil profile. The highest total water consumption was recorded in sugar beet fields with the application of N100P90K90 (3980–4096 m³ ha⁻¹), 40 t ha-1 of manure + N100P90K90 (4147–4330 m³ ha⁻¹), and in winter wheat fields with N90P60K60 (4600–5130 m³ ha⁻¹), regardless of crop rotation links. Under these conditions, the water consumption coefficient (WUE) for sugar beet crops remained at 67–86 m³ t⁻¹, while in winter wheat crops, it increased to 253–317 m³ t⁻¹. In cereal-fodder-tilled crop rotation, moisture was used most efficiently in clover fields due to its well-developed root system, with a WUE of 81–91 m³ t⁻¹ when applying N40P40K40. In tilled crop rotation, sunflower with N90P60K60 and soybean with N40P40K40 had the highest WUE of 362–416 and 336–375 m³ t⁻¹, respectively, while spring vetch with N40P40K40 showed 777–784 m³ t⁻¹.